June 19th is declared a state holiday in West Virginia

Juneteenth, celebrated on June 19th, is a significant holiday in the United States commemorating the end of slavery. The name “Juneteenth” is a blend of “June” and “nineteenth,” marking the day in 1865 when Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, and announced the emancipation of enslaved African Americans. This event occurred more than two years after President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, which had officially outlawed slavery in the Confederate states on January 1, 1863.

Historical Background

Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Lincoln, declared that all slaves in Confederate states were to be set free. However, enforcement of this proclamation largely depended on the advance of Union troops. As a result, many enslaved people in Texas and other parts of the Confederacy remained in bondage until Union forces gained control.

General Order No. 3

On June 19, 1865, General Granger issued General Order No. 3 in Galveston, which stated:

“The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor.”

This order marked a pivotal moment in American history, as it signaled the practical end of slavery in the United States.

Celebrations and Traditions

Juneteenth is celebrated with various activities that honor African American culture and heritage. Common traditions include:

1. Community Gatherings: Parades, picnics, and festivals are held in many communities. These events often feature music, dance, and historical reenactments.
2. Educational Activities: Discussions, lectures, and exhibitions on African American history and culture are organized to educate people about the significance of Juneteenth and the broader history of slavery and emancipation.
3. Family Reunions: Many families use this day to come together and celebrate their heritage, sharing stories and passing down traditions.
4. Food: Traditional foods such as barbecue, red velvet cake, and strawberry soda are often enjoyed. The color red symbolizes resilience and represents the blood shed by enslaved people.

National Recognition

For many years, Juneteenth was primarily celebrated within African American communities, particularly in Texas. However, its recognition has grown significantly. Texas was the first state to make Juneteenth an official state holiday in 1980. Over time, more states followed suit, and Juneteenth celebrations spread across the country.

In June 2021, President Joe Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act into law, making Juneteenth a federal holiday. This recognition underscores the importance of Juneteenth in the national narrative and acknowledges the enduring impact of slavery on American society.

Modern Significance

Juneteenth serves as a time for reflection on the struggles and contributions of African Americans throughout history. It is a reminder of the ongoing fight for equality and justice. The holiday also encourages dialogue about race relations and the legacy of slavery in the United States.

By commemorating the end of slavery, Juneteenth honors the resilience and achievements of African Americans while recognizing the work that remains to be done in the pursuit of true equality.